ingilizce ATATÜRK'ün hayatı - Payidar.NET

ArS · #1 (**Daim**) 20.01.07, 23:21

arkadaşlar siteyi çok beğenerek yeni üye oldum bana ingilizce olarak ATATÜRK'ün hayatı kişiliği şeklinde bir ödev gerekli yardımlarınızı bekliyorum

SportMan · #2 (**Daim**) 21.01.07, 14:34

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1881 - 1938
Atatürk's Life

"There are two Mustafa Kemals. One the flesh-and-blood Mustafa Kemal who now stands before you and who will pass away. the other is you, all of you here who will go to the far corners of our land to spread the ideals which must be defended with your lives if necessary. I stand for the nation's dreams, and my life's work is to make them come true."
Atatürk stands as one of the world's few historic figures who dedicated their lives totally to their nations.
He was born in 1881 (probably in the spring) in Salonica, then an Ottoman city, now in Greece. His father Ali Riza, a customs official turned lumber merchant, died when Mustafa was still a boy. His mother Zubeyde, a devout and strong-willed woman, raised him and his sister. First enrolled in a traditional religious school, he soon switched to a modern school. In 1893, he entered a military high school where his mathematics teacher gave him the second name Kemal (meaning perfection) in recognition of young Mustafa's superior achievement. He was thereafter known as Mustafa Kemal.
In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the War Academy in Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain. Posted in Damascus, he started with several colleagues, a clandestine society called "Homeland and Freedom" to fight against the Sultan's despotism. In 1908 he helped the group of officers who toppled the Sultan. Mustafa Kemal's career flourished as he won his heroism in the far corners of the Ottoman Empire, including Albania and Tripoli. He also briefly served as a staff officer in Salonica and Istanbul and as a military attache in Sofia.
In 1915, when Dardanelles campaign was launched, Colonel Mustafa Kemal became a national hero by winning successive victories and finally repelling the invaders. Promoted to general in 1916, at age 35, he liberated two major provinces in eastern Turkey that year. In the next two years, he served as commander of several Ottoman armies in Palestine, Aleppo, and elsewhere, achieving another major victory by stopping the enemy advance at Aleppo.
On May 19, 1919, Mustafa Kemal Pasha landed in the Black Sea port of Samsun to start the War of Independence. In defiance of the Sultan's government, he rallied a liberation army in Anatolia and convened the Congress of Erzurum and Sivas which established the basis for the new national effort under his leadership. On April 23, 1920, the Grand National Assembly was inaugurated. Mustafa Kemal Pasha was elected to its Presidency.
Fighting on many fronts, he led his forces to victory against rebels and invading armies. Following the Turkish triumph at the two major battles at Inonu in Western Turkey, the Grand National Assembly conferred on Mustafa Kemal Pasha the title of Commander-in-Chief with the rank of Marshal. At the end of August 1922, the Turkish armies won their ultimate victory. Within a few weeks, the Turkish mainland was completely liberated, the armistice signed, and the rule of the Ottoman dynasty abolished.
In July 1923, the national government signed the Lausanne Treaty with Great Britain, France, Greece, Italy, and others. In mid-October, Ankara became the capital of the new Turkish State. On October 29, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal Pasha was unanimously elected President of the Republic.
Atatürk married Latife Usakligil in early 1923. The marriage ended in divorce in 1925.
The account of Atatürk's fifteen year Presidency is a saga of dramatic modernization. With indefatigable determination, he created a new political and legal system, abolished the Caliphate and made both government and education secular, gave equal rights to women, changed the alphabet and the attire, and advanced the arts and the sciences, agriculture and industry.
In 1934, when the surname law was adopted, the national parliament gave him the name "Atatürk" (Father of the Turks).
On November 10, 1938, following an illness of a few months, the national liberator and the Father of modern Turkey died. But his legacy to his people and to the world endures.
Atatürk's body was re-interred in this splendid mausoleum in 1953

SportMan · #3 (**Daim**) 21.01.07, 14:34

THE PRINCIPLES OF ATATÜRK

The principles of Atatürk could be brought together in six major titles:

Republicanism:

Atatürk's revolutions possesses political attributes. A transition from a very noble empire to a noble nation was achieved and therefore, Turkey had gained the modern nation identity. In forming this identity, it is an important point for people who are qualified as servants to earn a citizenship. Atatürk had seen this path in Republic, meaning democracy, in which people administrate themselves.

Populism:

When looking at the content and also the goals, Republic Revolutionary possesses a social revolution as well. The status of women in Turkey had essential changes with performing of the West laws, especially the Switzerland civil laws and with the law that was put in force in 1934, women gained the right to choose and be chosen. Atatürk, in a few occasions, had said that the villagers were the real administrators of Turkey. Actually, this situation is the goal, rather than the reality. The populism principle means, resisting the classification privileges and differences, and not accepting that any individual, relationship or a class is better than the other. Populism relies on the idea which expresses the Turkish citizenship. The idea of the citizenship which is combined together with pride, provides the psychological encouragement which is necessary for the community to work more, and it also helps to gain the ideas of nationalism and association.

Laicism:

Laicism doesn't only mean separating government and religion from each other, it also means being independent of culture and living fields. Laicisim means, the government being independent and not being influenced by religious thinking and religion institutions; generally, it means latitude of thought. Most of the revolutions had been done to actualize luacism and the others were because of having reached the laicism. Laicism principle keeps the religion out of politics. Just like how printing was delayed in Ottoman days, it is important to prevent religious influence on the civil being for the Republic of Turkey, as it happened before on the previous reforms in which religion became a strong weapon on them.

Revolutionism:

One of the most important principles Atatürk had brought up was revolutionism. The meaning of this principle is revolutionizing the traditional institutions into the modern institutions in Turkey. It means putting the traditional concepts on a side and adopting the modern concepts instead. Revolutionism principle passes far beyond the reforms to be known and accepted.

Nationalism:

The reform of the Republic is also a nationalist reform. The nationalism does not have a racist structure, it is limited with the patriotism. The point of this reform is to defend the independence of the Republic of Turkey and to develop the Republic towards political sense. This nationalism has respect for all the other nations' rights of independence, has a social stability; not only being anti-imperialist, but at the same time it is against any class administrating Turkish society and at last; this nationalism is the belief of a principle in which, Turkish state being indivisible whole with its homeland and people.

Statism:

In the policies and remarks Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had made; He expressed that Turkey as a whole with modernization, depends very much on the economic and technological development. In this context, it is interpreted that statism principle will appear in the situations of arranging the country's general economic actions and entering the private sector or fail to, or meaing in the necessity of national benefits. However, in applying the statism principle, the government didn't only form the basic source of the economic actions, but at the same time it became the owner of the country's great industrial institutions.

SportMan · #4 (**Daim**) 21.01.07, 14:35

Atatürk'ün hayatı ve ilkeleri inşallah işine yarar kardeş

ArS · #5 (**Daim**) 21.01.07, 19:03

çok teşekkürler işime yaramaz mı ama halen daha bilgisi bulunan arkadaşların yardımlarını bekliyorum (çünkü bizim ingilizceci çok zor not veriyo)ikizler arkadaşım tekrar tekrar çok sağol

SportMan · #6 (**Daim**) 22.01.07, 20:03

ArS Nickli Üyeden Alıntı

çok teşekkürler işime yaramaz mı ama halen daha bilgisi bulunan arkadaşların yardımlarını bekliyorum (çünkü bizim ingilizceci çok zor not veriyo)ikizler arkadaşım tekrar tekrar çok sağol

sen sağol kardeşim işine yaramana sevindim

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